viernes, 30 de noviembre de 2012

miércoles, 28 de noviembre de 2012

LAS FRANQUESAS DEL VALLÉS : CLASES DE INGLÉS A 5,50€

DIALOGUE : Communicative English 2 - Unit 1: Making a phone call

martes, 27 de noviembre de 2012

GRANOLLERS INTENSIVOS INGLÉS: INTENSIVO 5 HORAS SEMANALES

GRANOLLERS INTENSIVOS INGLÉS: INTENSIVO 5 HORAS SEMANALES:

GRANOLLERS INTENSIVOS INGLÉS: INTENSIVO 5 HORAS SEMANALES

GRANOLLERS INTENSIVOS INGLÉS: INTENSIVO 5 HORAS SEMANALES:

claims; claimed; claim·ing

¹claim

/ˈkleɪm/ verb

claims; claimed; claim·ing

[+ obj] 1 : to say that (something) is true when some people may say it is not true
▪ The man claimed (that) he was a long-lost relative

▪ They claim (that) the drug prevents hair loss.

▪She claims (that) the landlord owes her money. — often followed by to + verb

▪ He claims to knownothing about the robbery. ▪ He claims to be an expert.

2 a : to say that you have (something)

▪ He claims a connection to British royalty. ▪ The organization claims 10,000 members. ▪ He claimedignorance of the robbery. [=he said that he had no knowledge about the robbery]

b : to say that (something) belongs to you or that you deserve (something)

▪ The terrorist group claimed responsibility for the attack. ▪ New Yorkers proudly claim the artist as one of their own. ▪ Both of them claimed credit for the idea. ▪ No one ever claimed authorship for the poem.

hold back [phrasal verb]

hold back[phrasal verb]

1 a : to stop yourself from doing something

▪ She wanted to introduce herself to him but she held back out of shyness.

b : to make a less than complete effort

▪ She could have beaten him in the race, but she held back and let him win. [=she did not run as fast as she could have so that he would win]

c hold (someone) back : to stop (someone) from doing something

▪ Once he starts talking, there's no holding him back. [=it's very hard to get him to stop talking]

2 hold (something) back or hold back (something) a : to not allow (something) to be seen or known by someone

▪ He was unable to hold back his tears. [=to keep from crying]

▪ The government held back[=withheld] some crucial information from the media.

▪ I know you're angry, so don't hold anythingback (from me). [=tell me everything]

b : to keep (something)

▪ He held several thousand dollars back in case of an emergency.

c : to delay (something)

▪ The company held back the first shipment of the new product until it was completely ready.

3 hold (someone or something) back or hold back (someone or something) : to stop (someone or something) from moving forward : to stop (someone or something) from advancing to the next level, grade, or stage

▪ She might have been more successful, but bad health held her back. ▪ He was held back [=kept back] in first grade.

( UP TO ) AS AN ADJECTIVE

up to

1 a : capable of performing or dealing with (something)

▪ She feels she is up to her role in the play. ▪ She feels up to the challenge. ▪ The patient is now up to seeing visitors. [=is now healthy enough to see visitors]

b : good enough for (something)

▪ Her performance wasn't up to her usual standards. [=wasn't as good as it usually is] ▪ The hotel wasn't up to our expectations. [=wasn't as good as we expected it to be] ▪ (Brit) My Spanish isn't up to much. [=my Spanish is not very good]

2 : doing something especially in a way that is secret and with intentions that are bad

▪ What are they up to?

▪ I know they're up to something, but I don't know what.

▪ I'm sure he is up to no good.

3 — used to say who is responsible for making a choice or decision

▪ “Do you want Chinese food tonight or Italian?” “It doesn't matter to me, so it's up to you.”

▪ The amount of your donation is entirely up to you.

▪ It is up to you to decide.

4 a — used to indicate the place or level that is reached by something

▪ The water was up toour knees. = We were in water up to our knees.

b : to or at (a specified amount, level, etc.)

▪ Estimates for repairing the car ran from $500 up to $1,000.

▪ The lottery is up to five million dollars.

c : as many or as much as (a specified number or amount)

▪ Up to eight people can play the game.

▪ The car holds up to six people.

▪ The ship can carry up to10 tons.

5 : during the time or period before

▪ Up to this point, we have been discussing our long-term goals.

▪ Up to [=until] that time they had been fairly successful.

up to here

informal — used to show that you have too much of something to deal with or that you are very annoyed by something and will not accept any more of it

▪ I have work up to here to do. [=I have a lot of work to do]

▪ I've had it up to here with your nonsense! [=I am sick of your nonsense]

( UP TO ) AS AN ADJECTIVE buy

Common English Errors: I or me? She or her? They or them?

Writing Numbers

Rule 1

Spell out single-digit whole numbers. Use numerals for numbers greater than nine.

Examples:
I want five copies.
I want 10 copies.

Rule 2

Be consistent within a category. For example, if you choose numerals because one of the numbers is greater than nine, use numerals for all numbers in that category. If you choose to spell out numbers because one of the numbers is a single digit, spell out all numbers in that category.

If you have numbers in different categories, use numerals for one category and spell out the other.

Correct:
My 10 cats fought with their 2 cats.
My ten cats fought with their two cats.
Given the budget constraints, if all 30 history students attend the four plays, then the 7 math students will be able to attend only two plays. (Students are represented with figures; playsare represented with words.)

Incorrect:
I asked for five pencils, not 50.

Rule 3

Always spell out simple fractions and use hyphens with them.

Examples:
One-half of the pies have been eaten.
A two-thirds majority is required for that bill to pass in Congress.

Rule 4

A mixed fraction can be expressed in figures unless it is the first word of a sentence.

Examples:
We expect a 5 1/2 percent wage increase.
Five and one-half percent was the maximum allowable interest.

Rule 5

The simplest way to express large numbers is best. Round numbers are usually spelled out. Be careful to be consistent within a sentence.

Correct:
You can earn from one million to five million dollars.

Incorrect:
You can earn from one million to $5,000,000.

Correct:
You can earn from five hundred to five million dollars.
You can earn from $5 hundred to $5 million.

Incorrect:
You can earn from $500 to $5 million.
You can earn from $500 to five million dollars.

Rule 6

Write decimals in figures. Put a zero in front of a decimal unless the decimal itself begins with a zero.

Examples:
The plant grew 0.79 of a foot in one year.
The plant grew only .07 of a foot this year because of the drought.

Rule 7

With numbers that have decimal points, use a comma only when the number has five or more digits before the decimal point. Place the comma in front of the third digit to the left of the decimal point. When writing out such numbers, use the comma where it would appear in the figure format. Use the word and where the decimal point appears in the figure format.

Examples:
$15,768.13: Fifteen thousand, seven hundred sixty-eight dollars and thirteen cents
$1054.21: One thousand fifty-four dollars and twenty-one cents

Note:
If the number has no decimal point, authorities disagree on whether to begin using the comma with four-digit numbers or to begin using the comma with five-digit numbers. When writing out these numbers, I recommend using the comma where it appears in the numerical form.

Examples:
1,054 schools OR 1054 schools: one thousand, fifty-four schools OR one thousand fifty-four schools
12,154 schools: twelve thousand, one hundred fifty-four schools

Rule 8

The following examples apply when using dates:

Examples:
The meeting is scheduled for June 30.
The meeting is scheduled for the 30th of June.
We have had tricks played on us on April 1.
The 1st of April puts some people on edge.

Rule 9

When expressing decades, you may spell them out and lowercase them.

Example:
During the eighties and nineties, the U.S. economy grew.

Rule 10

If you wish to express decades using incomplete numerals, put an apostrophe before the incomplete numeral but not between the year and the s.

Correct:
During the '80s and '90s, the U.S. economy grew.

Incorrect:
During the '80's and '90's, the U.S. economy grew.

Rule 11

You may also express decades in complete numerals. Again, don't use an apostrophe between the year and the s.

Example:
During the 1980s and 1990s, the U.S. economy grew.

Rule 12

Normally, spell out the time of day in text even with half and quarter hours. With o'clock, the number is always spelled out.

Examples:
She gets up at four thirty before the baby wakes up.
The baby wakes up at five o'clock in the morning.

Rule 13

Use numerals with the time of day when exact times are being emphasized or when using A.M. or P.M.

Examples:
Monib's flight leaves at 6:22 A.M.
Please arrive by 12:30 sharp.
She had a 7:00 P.M. deadline.

Rule 14

Use noon and midnight rather than 12:00 P.M. and 12:00 A.M.

Rule 15

Hyphenate all compound numbers from twenty-one through ninety-nine.

Examples:
Forty-three persons were injured in the train wreck.
Twenty-three of them were hospitalized.

Rule 16

Write out a number if it begins a sentence.

Examples:
Twenty-nine people won an award for helping their communities.
That 29 people won an award for helping their communities was fantastic! OR
That twenty-nine people won an award for helping their communities was fantastic!

ARE YOU READY FOR THE QUIZ?

fuente : http://www.grammarbook.com/numbers/numbers.asp

Hyphens with Phrases Containing Numbers

MAY 29, 2008

in FYI

From Edward Johnson’s The Handbook of Good English:

Phrases containing numbers follow a few special hyphenation conventions. For example, prefixes that would normally be solid with the word described are hyphenated with numbers, as inpre-1980, the 8-fold way.

Exceptions from standard rules
Five hundred men modifies men with the adjective + noun compound five hundred, and normally such a compound would be hyphenated. But unless the number compound is complicated by another word or phrase, as in later examples, spelled-out numbers do not follow standard hyphenation rules when they modify a noun, no matter how many words it takes to spell them out: five hundred and thirty-six men.

Ten-dollar loss and two-hundred-million-dollar loss follow standard rules; the spelled-out numbers are like any other words used in compounds. When figures are used, one often sees a hyphen where there is no justification for it: $10-loss. This is as incorrect as ten-dollar-loss. But there is one exception to the standard rules. When a large round sum of money preceded by the dollar sign (or a pound sign or a euro sign, etc.) is partly in figures and partly spelled out, as in $200 million, it conventionally does not get a hyphen as an adjective:$200 million loss. One does see the hyphen occasionally, and though it can’t be called wrong, since it is there if the number is entirely spelled out, it is troublesome; perhaps the eye is somehow aware that there are invisible hyphens with the adjectival elements represented by $200 and wants all the hyphens in the compound to be invisible. Hyphens are used, and required by the eye, if such a compound is combined with another word or phrase that needs hyphenation: $200-million-plus loss, $200-million-per-quarter loss.

Similarly, adjectival compounds of figures + percent are conventionally not hyphenated unless they are part of larger compounds: 23 percent increase, 23-percent-a-year increase. This holds even when there is no invisible hyphen in the figure and my speculation about the consistency-loving eye breaks down, as in 10 percent increase.

Other adjectival compounds of figures and a word should follow the standard rules for hyphenation: 30-minute wait, 16-inch gun, 125-acre farm, and so on.

Spelled-out fractions
Fractions should always be hyphenated when they are adjectives or adverbs, as in They got a one-third share and The money is three-quarters gone. Opinions differ on whether they should be hyphenated when they are nouns, as in They got one-third of the money. By standard rules of hyphenation, there is no reason to hyphenate them; they are merely noun compounds formed of adjective + noun. However, the hyphen is “heard”–we do not pronounce the elements of such compounds as distinct words but slur them together–and omission of the hyphen could conceivably mislead: I used to save all my change in a bucket, but I’ve spent three quarters of it. I prefer to hyphenate fractions routinely. One can think of the hyphen as representing the division bar in a fraction in figures.

The horse rounded the track five and three-quarters times. Adjectival compounds of a whole number and a fraction are not hyphenated throughout unless they are complicated by another word, as in The horse fell at the one-and-one-quarter-mile mark.

fuente : http://jaced.com/2008/05/29/hyphens-with-phrases-containing-numbers/

lunes, 26 de noviembre de 2012

DIALOGUE : Unit 5 Learn English 2 Talking about the past

DIALOGUE : Unit 5 Learn English 3 Talking about the past

Cognate object

a cognate object (or cognate accusative) is a verb's object that is etymologically related to the verb. More specifically, the verb is one that is ordinarily intransitive (lacking any object), and the cognate object is simply the verb's noun form.

For example, in the sentence

He slept a troubled sleep, sleep is the cognate object of the verb slept.

cognate object

Definition of cognate object

noun

Grammar

a direct object that has the same linguistic derivation as the verb which governs it, as in ‘sing a song’.
a direct object that makes explicit a semantic concept that is already present in the semantics of the verb which governs it, as in ‘eat some food’.

English

In English, the construction can occur with a number of intransitive verbs:

He slept a troubled sleep. (i.e., He slept, and his sleep was troubled.)
He laughed a bitter laugh. (i.e., He laughed bitterly.)
He died a painful death. (i.e., He died painfully.)
He dreamed a strange dream. (i.e., He dreamed, and his dream was strange.)
- (Note: This seems to be the only example that has a more natural-sounding sentence that would be used in everyday conversation, i.e., "He had a strange dream.")
He walked their walk and talked their talk. (i.e., He walked and talked as they did.)
He smiled a charming smile. (i.e., He smiled, and his smile was charming.)
He danced a cheerful dance. (i.e., He danced, and his dance was cheerful.)

In some of these cases, the cognate object allows for a simpler construction. In others, it may simply be chosen for idiomatic or rhetorical reasons. In general, the cognate object's modifiers are in some sense modifying the verb:

for example,

He slept a troubled sleep tells how he slept.

Semantically, many of these verbs denote modes of nonverbal expression (laugh, smile) and bodily actions or motions (dance, walk, sleep), specifically including what Levin calls "waltz verbs," those that are zero-related (i.e., identical) to the names of dances. ^[4]