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Inchoative Verbs

Inchoative Verbs
Inchoative verbs describe a change of state.
Inchoative Verb An inchoative verb is a verb that describes a change of state.
This is a practical list of inchoative verbs. Do you know what all of them mean?


1. thaw – thaw out
2. tan
3. freeze
4. rot
5. go bad
6. decay
7. dry
8. petrify
9. melt
10. wilt
11. putrefy – turn putrid
12. harden
13. soften - get softer
14. rust
15. solidify
16. ripen
17. age
18. marinate
19. fade
20. sour – get sour
21. sweeten
22. brown – turn brown
23. yellow – turn yellow

24. evaporate
25. get stale
26. blacken – turn black
27. mature
28. rise
29. bleach
30. chill
31. wither
32. discolor
33. shrink
34. darken
35. lighten
36. brighten – get bright/brighter
37. bake
38. tire – get tired
39. toast
40. roast
41. purify
42. clear up
43. burn
44. cool – cool off
45. warm up – get warm
46. dye

PERFORMATIVE VERBS

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Appendix:English ergative verbs

• Appendix:English ergative verbs
A
• abort
• accelerate
• acclimatize
• acculturate
• acidify
• activate
• align
• asphyxiate
• attach
• awaken
B
• back
• back up
• bake
• beam up
• bend
• blacken
• bleed
• blow up
• blue
• boast
• boil
• bounce
• break
• break down
• brighten
• broaden
• bruise
• burn
• burst
• bust
C
• calm down
• change
• char
• cheer up
• choke
• clink
• clog
• close
• collapse
• combine
• compile
• connect
• contort
• cook
• corrode
• count
• crack
• crash
• crumble
• crumple
• crystallize
D
• dampen
• darken
• deactivate
• deaden
• decelerate
• decrease
• deepen
• deflate
• deform
• dent
• deploy
• derail
• detonate
• dilate
• dim
D cont.
• distill
• distort
• dock
• download
• drag
• drain
• drill
• drive
• drop
• drown
• dry
• duplicate
E
• eat
• eject
• empty
• end
• entwine
• erase
• erode
• escalate
• expand
• exsanguinate
F
• factor
• fail
• fall
• fast backward
• fast forward
• fasten
• fatten
• fill
• fill up
• fire
• flash
• flatten
• flip
• float
• flood
• flunk
• flush
• fly
• fold
• fracture
• freeze
• freshen
• fry
G
• gather
• graduate
• grieve
• grow
H
• halt
• halve
• hang
• harden
• harmonize
• hasten
• heal
• honk
• hurt
• hush
I
• ignite
• improve
• increase
• inflame
• inflate
• ionize
J
• jam
L
• land
L cont.
• launch
• lean
• lengthen
• lessen
• lighten
• line up
• liquify
• lock
• loosen
• lower
M
• madden
• march
• meet with
• melt
• mend
• merge
• mix
• moisten
• move
O
• open
• orientate
• overcook
• oversteer
• overtire
• overtrain
• overwork
P
• park
• pass
• play
• please
• plunge
• pop
• pull over
Q
• quicken
• quiet
• quieten
R
• radiate
• raise
• ramp up
• rattle
• reboot
• recycle
• redden
• regrow
• rejuvenate
• reload
• relocate
• rest
• resuscitate
• reverse
• revert
• revive
• rewind
• ripen
• roast
• rock
• roll
• rotate
• rouse
• run
• rupture
• rush
S
• sadden
• sail
• scatter
• scramble

S
• scroll
• sell
• separate
• shake
• shatter
• shift
• shine
• shorten
• shrink
• shut
• shut down
• sicken
• simplify
• sink
• skip
• slam
• slant
• slide
• slow
• smash
• smear
• soak
• soften
• spill
• spin
• splash
• splatter
• splinter
• split
• squick
• start
• starve
• steer
• stick
S cont.
• stiffen
• stir
• stop
• straighten
• strangle
• strengthen
• stretch
• strike up
• suffocate
• suspend
• sway
• sweep
• sweeten
• swing
T
• tame
• tangle
• tear
• teleport
• terminate
• thaw
• thicken
• threaten
• tighten
• tire
• tire out
• toast
• toot
• topple
• toughen
• train
• transfer
• transform
• tuck
• turn
T cont.
• turn off
• turn on
• twist
• twitch
U
• unbend
• unclog
• uncrumple
• understeer
• unfasten
• unfurl
• unload
• unlock
• unravel
• unroll
• untangle
• untwist
• unwind
• unzip
• upload
V
• vaporize
• vergelen
• verrekken
W
• waft
• wake
• wave
• weaken
• weary
• whiten
• widen
• wilt
• wind
• worry
• worsen

Ergative verbs

Ergative verbs
Ergative verbs
1. Ergative verbs are both transitive and intransitive:

Peter closed the door Transitive: N + V + N
The door closed Intransitive: N + V
I boiled a pan of water Transitive: N + V + N
The pan boiled Intransitive: N + V
2. Common ergative verbs are:
• begin
• break
• change
• close
• drop
• crack
• dry
• end
• finish
• grow
• improve
• increase
• move
• open
• shake
• start
• stop
• tear
• turn
I broke the glass.
I dropped the glass and it broke.
The referee blew his whistle and started the match.
The match started at 2.30.
We grew some tasty potatoes.
The potatoes were growing well.
The wind shook the trees.
The trees shook in the wind.
3. Many verbs to do with cooking are ergative verbs:
• bake
• boil
• cook
• defrost
• freeze
• melt
• roast
You should roast the meat at 200 degrees centigrade.
The meat was roasting in a hot oven.
I always defrost meat before I cook it.
I am waiting for the meat to defrost.
Melt the chocolate and pour it over the ice cream.
The chocolate was melting in a pan.
4. Verbs to do with vehicles are often ergative:
• back
• crash
• drive
• fly
• reverse
• run
• sail
• start
• stop
I’m learning to fly a plane.
The plane flew at twice the speed of sound.
He crashed his car into a tree.
His car crashed into a tree.

5. We use some ergative verbs with only a few nouns:
• catch: dress, coat, clothes, trousers etc.
• fire : Gun, pistol, rifle, rocket.
• play: guitar, music, piano, violin, CD, DVD etc.
• ring: bell, alarm
She caught her dress on a nail.
Her dress caught on a nail.
He fired a pistol to start the race.
A pistol fired to start the race.

list of transitive and intransitive verbs

list of transitive and intransitive verbs

List of transitive and intransitive verbs Definition
Intransitive verb - In many languages, there are 'ambitransitive' verbs, which can be either transitive or intransitive. For example, English play is ambitransitive (both intransitive and transitive .....
In the Romance languages, these verbs are often called pseudo-reflexive, because they are signaled in the same way as reflexive verbs, using the clitic particle se. Compare the following (in Spanish):
(3a) La taza se rompió. (“The cup broke.”)
(3b) El barco se hundió. (“The boat sank.”)
(4a) Ella se miró en el espejo. (“She looked at herself in the mirror.”)
(4b) El gato se lava. (“The cat washes itself.”)
examples include : read, break, and understand
(e.g. "I read the book,"
saying what was read, or just
"I read all afternoon").

Ergative verb - In linguistics, an ergative verb is a verb that can be either transitive or intransitive, and whose subject when intransitive corresponds to its direct object when transitive. In English, most verbs can be used intransitively, but ordinarily this does not change the role of the subject;..
Ergative verbs can be divided into several categories:
• Verbs suggesting a change of state — break, burst, form, heal, melt, tear, transform
• Verbs of cooking — bake, boil, cook, fry
• Verbs of movement — move, shake, sweep, turn, walk
• Verbs involving vehicles — drive, fly, reverse, run, sail
E.G
• You should roast the meat at 200 degrees centigrade.
The meat was roasting in a hot oven.

• I always defrost meat before I cook it.
I am waiting for the meat to defrost.

• Melt the chocolate and pour it over the ice cream.
The chocolate was melting in a pan.

Accusative verb - An accusative verb is a verb that can be used transitively or intransitively, with the subject of the transitive verb becoming the argument of the intransitive verb. Some examples in English are eat, see, win...

Intransitive verb - In grammar, an intransitive verb does not take an object. In more technical terms, an intransitive verb has only one argument (its subject), and hence has a valency of one. For example, in English, the verbs sleep and die, are intransitive. Some verbs, such as smell are both transitive..
a ditransitive verb is a verb which takes a subject and two objects. According to certain linguistics considerations, these objects may be called direct and indirect, or primary and secondary. This is in contrast to monotransitive verbs, which take only one, direct, object.
English has a number of generally ditransitive verbs, such as give, grant, and tell and many transitive verbs that can take an additional argument (commonly a beneficiary or target of the action), such as pass, read, bake, etc.:
He gave Mary ten dollars.
He passed Paul the ball.
Jean read him the books.
She is baking him a cake.
English grammar allows for these sentences to be written alternately with a preposition (to or for):
He gave ten dollars to Mary.
He passed the ball to Paul.
Jean read the books to/for him.
She is baking a cake for him., etc.

A monotransitive verb is a verb that takes two arguments: a subject and a single direct object. For example, the verbs buy, bite, break, and eat are monotransitive in English
• Yesterday, I bought a cat.
• The cat bit me!
• He broke the toothpick.
• The chef ate his own watermelon soup.

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